1. Name the molecule that carries our genes. DNA.
2. Genes are located in the DNA.
3. What is the number of sperm the average man produces in a second? One thousand.
4. How can one person produce so many different combinations of genes? Through meiosis.
5. Most human cells have a total number of 46 chromosomes.
6. The gene shuffling that occurs from mitosis results in a great amount of this? Diversity!
7. Where in the female reproductive tract does the egg wait for fertilization? In the fallopian tube.
8. How does the egg move through the Fallopian tube? Muscular contractions of the tube and tiny hairlike structures called cilia.
9. Approximately how many sperm are contained within one teaspoon of seminal liquid? 300 million.
10. What are some of the challenges that sperm face once entering into the vagina? The acidity of the vagina, getting through the cervix, breaking through the shell surrounding the egg.
11. Describe the milestone event that takes place two weeks after conception? Gastrolation, when the blastocyst begins to turn into an embryo.
12. Describe the size and physical characteristics of the fetus at 4 and 1/2 weeks following conception. It is a 5th of an inch long, and resembles a dinosaur... The backbone is visible and very primitive looking, and the heart is present and beating. Also, groups of cells begin to bulge out to form legs and arms. The brain is also present and eyes are forming.
13. If the DNA in a single cell were stretched out, how long would it be? 6 feet.
14. After about how many weeks can doctors determine the sex of the baby from ultrasound? 18 weeks.
15. Aside from the ultrasound, how can a doctor determine the sex of a baby? By examining the chromosomes.
16. At what point does the embryo become a fetus? At about month 3.
17.When does the placenta begin to form? In the early weeks of pregnancy.
18. What is the fetus’s job in the last trimester? To grow!
19. Why are human births so much more dangerous than other mammals? Because our pelvis is narrower, to allow us to walk upright, so the baby has to go contort a certain way to get out, and may not always be able to fit out.
Tuesday, May 13, 2008
Monday, May 12, 2008
Thursday, May 8, 2008
Reproductive System Vocabulary
1. Corpus luteum - what an ovarian follicle develops into during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.
2. Epididymis - The tube located along the testes where sperm mature.
3. Gonad - in males, the testes. In females, the ovaries.
4. Meiosis - when a destined-to-be sex cell with 46 chromosomes going through a process that results in four sex cells with 23 chromosomes each.
5. Oocyte - a developing female sex cell.
6. Ovary - the female gonads.
7. Placenta - Where fetal blood exchanges materials with maternal blood.
8. Scrotum - the skin sac that holds the testes.
9. Seminiferous tubule - the tubes inside the testes that create sperm.
10. Testis - the male gonads.
11. Vulva - The external vagina.
12. Blastocyst - The stage of a baby's development between being a zygote and an embryo.
13. Embryo - A developing baby. (Weeks 2-8 is the embryonic stage.)
14. Fetus - A developing baby. (Months 3-9 is the fetal stage.)
15. Implantation - When the egg is fertilized, it becomes a zygote and is implanted in the endometrium.
16. Lactation - When a new mother's breasts produce milk for her baby.
17. Umbilical cord - The cord that transports blood to and from the placenta.
18. Yolk sac - The first site of red blood cells in the uterus.
19. Zygote - A fertilized egg.
20. Ultrasound - The process used to see into a pregnant woman's womb. Non-invasive.
2. Epididymis - The tube located along the testes where sperm mature.
3. Gonad - in males, the testes. In females, the ovaries.
4. Meiosis - when a destined-to-be sex cell with 46 chromosomes going through a process that results in four sex cells with 23 chromosomes each.
5. Oocyte - a developing female sex cell.
6. Ovary - the female gonads.
7. Placenta - Where fetal blood exchanges materials with maternal blood.
8. Scrotum - the skin sac that holds the testes.
9. Seminiferous tubule - the tubes inside the testes that create sperm.
10. Testis - the male gonads.
11. Vulva - The external vagina.
12. Blastocyst - The stage of a baby's development between being a zygote and an embryo.
13. Embryo - A developing baby. (Weeks 2-8 is the embryonic stage.)
14. Fetus - A developing baby. (Months 3-9 is the fetal stage.)
15. Implantation - When the egg is fertilized, it becomes a zygote and is implanted in the endometrium.
16. Lactation - When a new mother's breasts produce milk for her baby.
17. Umbilical cord - The cord that transports blood to and from the placenta.
18. Yolk sac - The first site of red blood cells in the uterus.
19. Zygote - A fertilized egg.
20. Ultrasound - The process used to see into a pregnant woman's womb. Non-invasive.
Tuesday, May 6, 2008
Digestive and Urinary Questions in Text
Pages 735 and 736:
Critical Thinking Questions: 3
3. What effect is a before-dinner alcoholic cocktail likely to have on digestion? Well, first of all it could deteriorate the lining of the digestive tract and possibly make your stomach a bit upset during digestion. It could also effect the liver in terms of producing bile, so the food might take a while longer to digest than normally. Why are such beverages inadvisable for persons with ulcers? Because the lining of the digestive tract at the site of the ulcer is already deteriorated, so further deterioration due to alcohol consumption could lead to more ulcers and quite possibly a hole in the digestive tract.
Review Exercises: 1, 2, 5, 7, 12, and 25
1. List and describe the locations of the major parts of the alimentary canal. First you have your mouth, where you chew up the food. Then you have the pharynx, which is basically the back of your throat. Then the food travels down the esophagus and into the stomach, where bile is added to start the breakup of the food particles. Then the food travels into the small intestine, where more bile is added and the breakup continues. Most nutritional absorbtion happens in the small intestine. The food travels into the colon, or large intestine, and is then turned into a solid waste which is stored in your rectum until the time comes to rid your body of it.
2. List and describe the locations of the accessory organs of the digestive system. First is the teeth, which are in the mouth and help chew food. Next are the salivary glands, which begin the breakup of food in the mouth. Then you have the galbladder and the pancreas, which are both located between the liver and the stomach. The gallbladder stores and secretes bile from the liver and the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum of the small intestine.
5. Define peristalsis. The squeezy, circular motion around a tube that allows food to be pushed down, as it is in the digestive tract.
7. Describe the general effects of parasympathetic and sympathetic impulses on the alimentary canal. The parasympathetic nervous system allows for increased digestive activity and relaxes sphincters. The sympathetic nervous system somewhat tightens the digestive tract and doesn't allow digestion to be as easy as normal.
12. Describe the structure of a tooth. The white part of your tooth is called the enamel, or the crown. Underneath that is the dentine, and then the pulp which contains all the blood vessels and nerves. At the root of your tooth (everything under the gum), the root canal goes deep into the bone of your jaw.
25. Explain the mechanism of vomiting. Basically, if you eat something that "doesn't sit well with your stomach" your stomach will be able to sense that it must get rid of the waste before it travels into your small intestine. The cardiac sphincter, which separates the esophagus and the stomach, will open, and all stomach contents will be pushed upwards so that you can throw it up.
Pages 855:
Review Exercises: 1, 3, 9, 16, 34, 36, 37, 40:
1. Name the organs of the urinary system. The kidneys, the ureter, the bladder, and the urethra.
3. List the functions of the kidneys. First, they filter the liquid that enters them and takes out all the nutrients, which is absorbed into the blood stream, leaving behind urine to be excreted. They also filter the blood and keep it clean!
9. Distinguish among filtration, reabsorbtion, and secretion as they relate to the urinary system.
Filtration - the filtering of the blood through the kidneys.
Reabsorbtion - the kidneys reabsorb certain essential nutrients for the body.
Secretion - Anything that was not reabsorbed into the blood stream is discarded in the form of urine.
16. Define autoregulation. The natural ability of an organ to maintain a constant blood flow despite changes in pressure.
34. Describe the structure and function of a ureter. Ureters are small tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder to be excreted.
36. Discuss what happens if a ureter becomes obstructed. Well, first the urine would not be able to go anywhere, so it would block up the kidneys and injure them. Also, you might not be able to urinate correctly, or the urine might be bloody or cloudly. Also, it would definitely cause severe pain.
37. Describe the structure and location of the urinary bladder. The location of the bladder is situated right above the urethra, so if you were to point, it would be near your lower abdomen. Basically, the bladder is not a little colorful balloon that fills with urine. It is actually a reddish sac that can stretch pretty far to hold urine.
40. Compare the urethra of a female with that of a male. The female urethra is a lot shorter compared to the male's. A male's urethra is also used to carry semen.
Critical Thinking Questions: 3
3. What effect is a before-dinner alcoholic cocktail likely to have on digestion? Well, first of all it could deteriorate the lining of the digestive tract and possibly make your stomach a bit upset during digestion. It could also effect the liver in terms of producing bile, so the food might take a while longer to digest than normally. Why are such beverages inadvisable for persons with ulcers? Because the lining of the digestive tract at the site of the ulcer is already deteriorated, so further deterioration due to alcohol consumption could lead to more ulcers and quite possibly a hole in the digestive tract.
Review Exercises: 1, 2, 5, 7, 12, and 25
1. List and describe the locations of the major parts of the alimentary canal. First you have your mouth, where you chew up the food. Then you have the pharynx, which is basically the back of your throat. Then the food travels down the esophagus and into the stomach, where bile is added to start the breakup of the food particles. Then the food travels into the small intestine, where more bile is added and the breakup continues. Most nutritional absorbtion happens in the small intestine. The food travels into the colon, or large intestine, and is then turned into a solid waste which is stored in your rectum until the time comes to rid your body of it.
2. List and describe the locations of the accessory organs of the digestive system. First is the teeth, which are in the mouth and help chew food. Next are the salivary glands, which begin the breakup of food in the mouth. Then you have the galbladder and the pancreas, which are both located between the liver and the stomach. The gallbladder stores and secretes bile from the liver and the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum of the small intestine.
5. Define peristalsis. The squeezy, circular motion around a tube that allows food to be pushed down, as it is in the digestive tract.
7. Describe the general effects of parasympathetic and sympathetic impulses on the alimentary canal. The parasympathetic nervous system allows for increased digestive activity and relaxes sphincters. The sympathetic nervous system somewhat tightens the digestive tract and doesn't allow digestion to be as easy as normal.
12. Describe the structure of a tooth. The white part of your tooth is called the enamel, or the crown. Underneath that is the dentine, and then the pulp which contains all the blood vessels and nerves. At the root of your tooth (everything under the gum), the root canal goes deep into the bone of your jaw.
25. Explain the mechanism of vomiting. Basically, if you eat something that "doesn't sit well with your stomach" your stomach will be able to sense that it must get rid of the waste before it travels into your small intestine. The cardiac sphincter, which separates the esophagus and the stomach, will open, and all stomach contents will be pushed upwards so that you can throw it up.
Pages 855:
Review Exercises: 1, 3, 9, 16, 34, 36, 37, 40:
1. Name the organs of the urinary system. The kidneys, the ureter, the bladder, and the urethra.
3. List the functions of the kidneys. First, they filter the liquid that enters them and takes out all the nutrients, which is absorbed into the blood stream, leaving behind urine to be excreted. They also filter the blood and keep it clean!
9. Distinguish among filtration, reabsorbtion, and secretion as they relate to the urinary system.
Filtration - the filtering of the blood through the kidneys.
Reabsorbtion - the kidneys reabsorb certain essential nutrients for the body.
Secretion - Anything that was not reabsorbed into the blood stream is discarded in the form of urine.
16. Define autoregulation. The natural ability of an organ to maintain a constant blood flow despite changes in pressure.
34. Describe the structure and function of a ureter. Ureters are small tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder to be excreted.
36. Discuss what happens if a ureter becomes obstructed. Well, first the urine would not be able to go anywhere, so it would block up the kidneys and injure them. Also, you might not be able to urinate correctly, or the urine might be bloody or cloudly. Also, it would definitely cause severe pain.
37. Describe the structure and location of the urinary bladder. The location of the bladder is situated right above the urethra, so if you were to point, it would be near your lower abdomen. Basically, the bladder is not a little colorful balloon that fills with urine. It is actually a reddish sac that can stretch pretty far to hold urine.
40. Compare the urethra of a female with that of a male. The female urethra is a lot shorter compared to the male's. A male's urethra is also used to carry semen.
Monday, May 5, 2008
Hormonal Control of the Menstrual Cycle
1. What is a hormone? Chemical produced by the brain to regulate different things in your body.
2. What system is responsible for the production of hormones? The endocrine.
3. Sketch a picture of the female reproductive system. Include the oviduct, ovaries, uterus, cervix and vagina.
4. Where does the embryo undergo most of its development? In the uterus.
5. What is another name for the fallopian tube? Oviduct.
6. Where does fertilization take place? In the fallopian tube.
7. What is ovulation? When the mature ovum contained in the follicle leaves and migrates down the oviduct.
8. What is the follicle converted to? A corpus luteum.
9. What happens during the flow phase? Hormone production by the ovaries ceases and the uterine lining sloughs off.
10. What happens during the follicular phase? The developing follicle enlarges and produces a hormone which causes the uterine lining to thicken.
11. What happens during the luteal phase? A hormone from the pituitary converts the follicle to a corpus luteum. Uterine lining is still thickening.
12. What happens to the uterine lining during the first phase? It is broken down.
13. What are the four hormones that control the menstrual cycle? Estrogen, progesterone, LH, FSH.
14. As FSH increases in concentration in the blood , the follicle is? Growing an egg.
15. When the follicle ruptures it releases what? The egg.
16. What is considered the hormone of pregnancy? Progesterone.
17. What is the rhythm method? Timing intercourse around ovulation to decrease chances of pregnancy.
18. What do you call a couple using the rhythm method? Parents! Ha ha ha!
19. What is menopause? What causes it? The halting of the menstrual cycle that occurs around the age of 45-50. It's caused by the stopping of LH production by the pituitary.
20. When does fertilization occur? When the sperm and the egg meet!
21. When is a zygote formed? After fertilization.
22. What is a placenta? An organ that is produced to help nourish and protect the growing baby.
Tuesday, April 29, 2008
Male and Female Reproductive Worksheet
1. What is the purpose of the reproductive system? To produce offspring.
11. What is the name of the structure where the testes are located? The scrotum.
14. What is the vas deferens? A tube that connects the epididymis and the ejaculatory duct.
15. What is the structure that secretes and stores a fluid releases at the time of ejaculation? The cowper's glands.
16. What are the functions of the prostate gland? Secretes an alkaline fluid to keep sperm mobile and protect them from the acidity of the vagina. Also aids in neutralizing the acid in the male urethra.
17. What is semen? Sperm cells and secretions from the seminal vesicles, prostate, and the cowper's glands.
18. Sketch a picture of the male reproductive system. Include the following: penis, seminal vesicles, epididymis, cowper’s gland, testes, scrotum, vas deferens, urethra, prostate, ejaculatory duct.
2. What is the function of the ovaries? To produce eggs and the female hormones, estrogen and progesterone.
3. What is the structure that connects the ovaries to the uterus? The fallopian tubes.
4. What is the name of the lining of the uterus? Endometrium.
5. Name the three parts of the uterus and where they are located. The fundus, the uppermost portion of the uterus, the body (middle), and the cervix, which is the neck-like portion that opens into the vagina.
6. What is the female organ of copulation? The vagina.
7. Sketch a picture of the female reproductive system. Include the following: bladder, ovary, uterus, fallopian tube, urethra, vagina.
8. What is the male organ of copulation? The penis.
9. What are the two functions of the urethra in the male? To carry sperm and to carry urine.
10. What are the two functions of the testes? To produce sperm and to secrete an endocrine substance, the male sex hormone.
11. What is the name of the structure where the testes are located? The scrotum.
12. Why are the testes located outside the body? Temperature control, to keep the sperm cool enough to survive.
13. Where do sperm mature? In the epididymis, located directly above the testes inside the scrotum.
14. What is the vas deferens? A tube that connects the epididymis and the ejaculatory duct.
15. What is the structure that secretes and stores a fluid releases at the time of ejaculation? The cowper's glands.
16. What are the functions of the prostate gland? Secretes an alkaline fluid to keep sperm mobile and protect them from the acidity of the vagina. Also aids in neutralizing the acid in the male urethra.
17. What is semen? Sperm cells and secretions from the seminal vesicles, prostate, and the cowper's glands.
18. Sketch a picture of the male reproductive system. Include the following: penis, seminal vesicles, epididymis, cowper’s gland, testes, scrotum, vas deferens, urethra, prostate, ejaculatory duct.
Thursday, April 24, 2008
Nutrition Interview
Interview 1: Chelsea Drake
1. What do you think nutrition is?
2. What does a nutritious life style consist of?
3. What makes a nutritious meal?
4. Can you give an example of a nutritious meal?
5. Is there more to nutrition than diet and food? If so what.
6. What are some important vitamins your body needs?
7. What are some important minerals your body needs?
1. What do you think nutrition is?
2. What does a nutritious life style consist of?
3. What makes a nutritious meal?
4. Can you give an example of a nutritious meal?
5. Is there more to nutrition than diet and food? If so what.
6. What are some important vitamins your body needs?
7. What are some important minerals your body needs?
Urinary System Worksheet
1. What are three functions of the kidneys?
1. Helps to balance water amount in body
2. Makes pee-pee
3. Filter the blood
2. What is the protective layer around the kidney?
The peri-renal capsule.
3. What is the outer layer of the kidney?
The cortex.
4. What is the urine collection system of the kidney?
The medulla.
5. What is the dilated end of the ureters called?
The pelvis.
6. What is the function of the bladder?
Holds pee.
7. What transports urine in males? The urethra. Females? The urethra!
1. Helps to balance water amount in body
2. Makes pee-pee
3. Filter the blood
2. What is the protective layer around the kidney?
The peri-renal capsule.
3. What is the outer layer of the kidney?
The cortex.
4. What is the urine collection system of the kidney?
The medulla.
5. What is the dilated end of the ureters called?
The pelvis.
6. What is the function of the bladder?
Holds pee.
7. What transports urine in males? The urethra. Females? The urethra!
Thursday, April 17, 2008
Digestive System Worksheet
1. What is the digestive tract? Basically a series of tubes that is used to digest food, absorb nutrients and send them into the bloodstream, and condense waste to be removed by the body.
2. What happens to undigested materials in the digestive tract? It is condensed in the large intestine and then sent into the rectum, where it waits until the need of removal.
3. Sketch the path that food takes through the digestive tract. Be sure to include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, appendix, large intestine, rectum, and all 4 sphincters.
4. What is the function of the mouth in the digestion process? To take in the food, chew it, and produce saliva to begin breaking up the material.
5. What is the term for the small mass of food that enters into the esophagus? Bolus.
6. What is the term for partially digested stomach contents? Chyme.
7. What triggers peristalsis? The presence of bolus in the esophagus.
8. What is the function of the cardiac sphincter? To keep food from re-entering the esophagus.
9. What is the mucous membrane? A layer of mucous that coats the entire digestive tract to prevent the digestive tract from digesting itself.
10. How long is the small intestine? Over 20 feet.
11. Where does most digestion and absorption of nutrients take place? In the small intestine.
12. What increase the surface area of the small intestine? Villi.
13. What is the first section of the small intestine? The duodenum. What is its function? It reacts to chemical changes of the chyme entering the small intestine and is also where the galbladder secretes the bile. It also controls the entire digestive tract.
14. Where is bile stored? In the galbladder.
15. What is segmentation? The squeezing of a tube (in this case the intestine) to further break down its contents.
16. When does the ileocecal sphincter open? When the amount of food against it builds up enough.
17. What is the function of the anal sphincter? To keep in the poo until you're ready!
18. What is the function of the appendix in humans? There isn't one.
19. Where does digestion begin? In the mouth.
20. What is gastric juice made of? Hydrocloric acid and enzymes.
21. Where are the enzymes released in the small intestine produced? Pancreas.
22. What is the function of the following enzymes: amylase, lactase, maltase, sucrase, and lipase?
Amylase - completes the process of hydrolyzing starch into the double sugar maltose.
Lactase - Breaks apart lactose.
Maltase - Breaks apart maltose.
Sucrase - Breaks apart sucrose.
Lipase - Splits fat into its components, glycerol and fatty acids.
23. There are two ways that nutrients get into the blood stream. Describe each method.
1. Energy produced by the splitting of some sugar molecules is used to help actively transport them across the membranes of the intestine and into the blood stream.
2. And passive transport, where the nutrients can go through the membrane using no energy.
2. What happens to undigested materials in the digestive tract? It is condensed in the large intestine and then sent into the rectum, where it waits until the need of removal.
3. Sketch the path that food takes through the digestive tract. Be sure to include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, appendix, large intestine, rectum, and all 4 sphincters.
4. What is the function of the mouth in the digestion process? To take in the food, chew it, and produce saliva to begin breaking up the material.
5. What is the term for the small mass of food that enters into the esophagus? Bolus.
6. What is the term for partially digested stomach contents? Chyme.
7. What triggers peristalsis? The presence of bolus in the esophagus.
8. What is the function of the cardiac sphincter? To keep food from re-entering the esophagus.
9. What is the mucous membrane? A layer of mucous that coats the entire digestive tract to prevent the digestive tract from digesting itself.
10. How long is the small intestine? Over 20 feet.
11. Where does most digestion and absorption of nutrients take place? In the small intestine.
12. What increase the surface area of the small intestine? Villi.
13. What is the first section of the small intestine? The duodenum. What is its function? It reacts to chemical changes of the chyme entering the small intestine and is also where the galbladder secretes the bile. It also controls the entire digestive tract.
14. Where is bile stored? In the galbladder.
15. What is segmentation? The squeezing of a tube (in this case the intestine) to further break down its contents.
16. When does the ileocecal sphincter open? When the amount of food against it builds up enough.
17. What is the function of the anal sphincter? To keep in the poo until you're ready!
18. What is the function of the appendix in humans? There isn't one.
19. Where does digestion begin? In the mouth.
20. What is gastric juice made of? Hydrocloric acid and enzymes.
21. Where are the enzymes released in the small intestine produced? Pancreas.
22. What is the function of the following enzymes: amylase, lactase, maltase, sucrase, and lipase?
Amylase - completes the process of hydrolyzing starch into the double sugar maltose.
Lactase - Breaks apart lactose.
Maltase - Breaks apart maltose.
Sucrase - Breaks apart sucrose.
Lipase - Splits fat into its components, glycerol and fatty acids.
23. There are two ways that nutrients get into the blood stream. Describe each method.
1. Energy produced by the splitting of some sugar molecules is used to help actively transport them across the membranes of the intestine and into the blood stream.
2. And passive transport, where the nutrients can go through the membrane using no energy.
Thursday, April 3, 2008
Basic Resperatory Worksheet
1. What are the two entrances for oxygen to enter the respiratory system? Nose and mouth!
2. Where does the air go to from the nose and mouth? Pharynx.
3. In between the pharynx and the trachea what structure does this lesson leave out? The larynx!
4. Where is the trachea located in reference to the esophagus? Anterior.
5. What structures moisten the air in the Respiratory System? Nose and mouth.
6. What is the name for the small air sacs at the end of the bronchioles? The alveoli.
7. Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs? In the alveoli.
8. What is the main muscle of respiration? Diaphragm.
9. What happens when we inhale? The diaphragm contracts, lowering the air pressure in the lungs, allowing them to take in air. Exhale? The diaphragm relaxes, increasing the air pressure so the lungs release air.
10. Sketch a picture of the respiratory system. Include the following structures: nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli and lungs.
2. Where does the air go to from the nose and mouth? Pharynx.
3. In between the pharynx and the trachea what structure does this lesson leave out? The larynx!
4. Where is the trachea located in reference to the esophagus? Anterior.
5. What structures moisten the air in the Respiratory System? Nose and mouth.
6. What is the name for the small air sacs at the end of the bronchioles? The alveoli.
7. Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs? In the alveoli.
8. What is the main muscle of respiration? Diaphragm.
9. What happens when we inhale? The diaphragm contracts, lowering the air pressure in the lungs, allowing them to take in air. Exhale? The diaphragm relaxes, increasing the air pressure so the lungs release air.
10. Sketch a picture of the respiratory system. Include the following structures: nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli and lungs.
Tuesday, April 1, 2008
The Heart Worksheet
1. All vertebrates have what type of circulatory system? Closed circulatory system.
2. How does the circulatory system maintain homeostasis? Through water and electrolyte transport, fluid volume control, and regulation of pH and of body temperature.
3. Name 4 functions of the circulatory system. Transports nutrients to cells, maintains homeostasis, carries hormones to regulate certain body functions, transports gases, and transports antibodies to fight infection.
4. What are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart called? Arteries.
5. What are blood vessels that carry blood to the heart called? Veins.
6. What is the sac that surrounds the heart called? The pericardium.
7. What is the muscular portion of the heart called? Myocardium.
8. What is the lining of the myocardium called? Endocardium.
9. What is the name of the upper cavities of the heart? Atria. The lower cavities? Ventricles.
10. What veins carry blood to the left atrium? The Pulmonary Vein. The right atrium? Superior and Inferior Vena Cava.
11. What arteries carry blood away from the left ventricle? Aorta. The right ventricle? Pulmonary Artery.
2. How does the circulatory system maintain homeostasis? Through water and electrolyte transport, fluid volume control, and regulation of pH and of body temperature.
3. Name 4 functions of the circulatory system. Transports nutrients to cells, maintains homeostasis, carries hormones to regulate certain body functions, transports gases, and transports antibodies to fight infection.
4. What are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart called? Arteries.
5. What are blood vessels that carry blood to the heart called? Veins.
6. What is the sac that surrounds the heart called? The pericardium.
7. What is the muscular portion of the heart called? Myocardium.
8. What is the lining of the myocardium called? Endocardium.
9. What is the name of the upper cavities of the heart? Atria. The lower cavities? Ventricles.
10. What veins carry blood to the left atrium? The Pulmonary Vein. The right atrium? Superior and Inferior Vena Cava.
11. What arteries carry blood away from the left ventricle? Aorta. The right ventricle? Pulmonary Artery.
Monday, March 31, 2008
Monday, March 24, 2008
Germ Infection Experiment
1. What we did
2. Results - what expected
3. Make better?
Basically we smeared this glowing "germ" stuff on our hands, then went into three different classrooms and three of us chose one person to shake hands with, then told them to shake hands with a few more people. Our results were surprisingly vague; we basically only found one person with the stuff on her hands still, probably because the tester had really smeared the stuff on her hands, so it showed up much better. I think that if we were to ever do this test again we might try it in a certain room where we would make all the test subjects stay until the test is over to prevent hand-washing, rubbing/wearing off, etc. I also really like the "powdered dollar bill" idea. :)
2. Results - what expected
3. Make better?
Basically we smeared this glowing "germ" stuff on our hands, then went into three different classrooms and three of us chose one person to shake hands with, then told them to shake hands with a few more people. Our results were surprisingly vague; we basically only found one person with the stuff on her hands still, probably because the tester had really smeared the stuff on her hands, so it showed up much better. I think that if we were to ever do this test again we might try it in a certain room where we would make all the test subjects stay until the test is over to prevent hand-washing, rubbing/wearing off, etc. I also really like the "powdered dollar bill" idea. :)
Nervous System Article Assignment
SUMMARY:
This article was about a scientist named Stice who has created a device from stem cells that allows for a reading that detects any chemicals in the air. This could be a very useful item, in preventing chemical poisoning, and chemical warfare. However, it is stated to be controversial in terms of where they recieve the stem cells from: "naturally dead embryos." Despite this, Stice seems to be a reliable scientist in terms of the success of his experiments.
Stem cell research is: what tissues you can make with stem cells and what you can cure with them.
How would these chemical detecting devices affect your life? They would really prevent some dangers of the world, such as if there was an accident at a nuclear plant, the device would keep you from getting radiation poisoning by warning you ahead of time. Therefore, at least some of the risks of death in society could be reduced. The same thing goes for chemical warfare; surviving war by avoiding chemicals leads to the possible winning of more wards, which leads to a change in the government/society, which could affect my life. Possibly.
Are these devices ethical? I believe so, in terms of causing no physical pain to anyone. The only controversial thing about them is the fact that they are using "naturally dead embryos," which means that they are using embyros that are 'too deficient to produce a fetus if implanted,' as stated in the article. Personally, I think they're A-okay, especially since they would be preventing people from dying of chemical poisoning, which is something I think is really sad.
How do you think these devices work? I'm not too sure, but it must be something related to reading the cells' reactions to chemicals present in the air. I have no clue how they can 'read' the cells' reactions, but it makes sense that the cells would react to chemicals since they react if they're in your body. The cells must do something certain, send out a certain nerve impulse or something that allows for the device to detect something chemical in the air.
What are some ways that these device can be used? In wars for things like tear gas, in homes for things like chemical poisoning in the air, or for countries with little/no defense against airborne chemicals. Basically it has many different uses. It could even be used in a nuclear powerplant to prevent spills/leaks, at least somewhat.
This article was about a scientist named Stice who has created a device from stem cells that allows for a reading that detects any chemicals in the air. This could be a very useful item, in preventing chemical poisoning, and chemical warfare. However, it is stated to be controversial in terms of where they recieve the stem cells from: "naturally dead embryos." Despite this, Stice seems to be a reliable scientist in terms of the success of his experiments.
Stem cell research is: what tissues you can make with stem cells and what you can cure with them.
How would these chemical detecting devices affect your life? They would really prevent some dangers of the world, such as if there was an accident at a nuclear plant, the device would keep you from getting radiation poisoning by warning you ahead of time. Therefore, at least some of the risks of death in society could be reduced. The same thing goes for chemical warfare; surviving war by avoiding chemicals leads to the possible winning of more wards, which leads to a change in the government/society, which could affect my life. Possibly.
Are these devices ethical? I believe so, in terms of causing no physical pain to anyone. The only controversial thing about them is the fact that they are using "naturally dead embryos," which means that they are using embyros that are 'too deficient to produce a fetus if implanted,' as stated in the article. Personally, I think they're A-okay, especially since they would be preventing people from dying of chemical poisoning, which is something I think is really sad.
How do you think these devices work? I'm not too sure, but it must be something related to reading the cells' reactions to chemicals present in the air. I have no clue how they can 'read' the cells' reactions, but it makes sense that the cells would react to chemicals since they react if they're in your body. The cells must do something certain, send out a certain nerve impulse or something that allows for the device to detect something chemical in the air.
What are some ways that these device can be used? In wars for things like tear gas, in homes for things like chemical poisoning in the air, or for countries with little/no defense against airborne chemicals. Basically it has many different uses. It could even be used in a nuclear powerplant to prevent spills/leaks, at least somewhat.
Thursday, March 20, 2008
Basic Eye Anatomy Worksheet
1. The eye is part of which nervous system? The CNS.
2. What types of tissues give the eye protection? Fatty and connective.
3. What structure in the eye produces tears? Lacrimal glands.
4. What acts as an antibacterial layer in the eye? The conjunctiva.
5. What is the cornea? The transparent layer that is the anterior part of the sclera, a tough fibrous connective tissue that protects the eye.
The Choriod is the middle layer of the eye that contains blood vessels and provides the eye with nutrition.
6. What layer of the eye contains the rods and cones? The retina.
7. What is the function of the rods? The cones? The rods are for night vision and the cones are for daylight and color vision.
8. What is the colored part of the eye? The iris.
9. What structure allows light to enter the eye? The pupil.
10. Sketch picture of eye with following labeled: lacrimal glands, eyelashes, iris, pupil, cornea, lens, eyelid, sclera, choroids, optic nerve, and retina
Tuesday, March 18, 2008
Basic Ear Anatomy Worksheet
1. Sketch a picture of an ear and label the following:
Inner ear
middle ear
outer ear
pinna
tympanic membrane
cochlea
stapes
malleus
incus
Inner ear
middle ear
outer ear
pinna
tympanic membrane
cochlea
stapes
malleus
incus
Click to enlarge.
2. What is the function of the following:
Pinna - a cartilage flap that directs sound waves into the ear
Tympanic membrane - responsible for turning sound waves into vibrations
Ossicles - the three bones inside the ear that help to amplify sounds
Cochlea - Fluid filled sac that converts sound into nerve impulses through way of tiny hairs located on the walls of the cochlea
Semicircular canals - Used for balance control
What three bones make up the ossicles? The malleus, the incus, and the stapes.
What is the function of hairs in the ear? To process sound vibrations into nerve impulses.
Pinna - a cartilage flap that directs sound waves into the ear
Tympanic membrane - responsible for turning sound waves into vibrations
Ossicles - the three bones inside the ear that help to amplify sounds
Cochlea - Fluid filled sac that converts sound into nerve impulses through way of tiny hairs located on the walls of the cochlea
Semicircular canals - Used for balance control
What three bones make up the ossicles? The malleus, the incus, and the stapes.
What is the function of hairs in the ear? To process sound vibrations into nerve impulses.
Monday, March 17, 2008
Basic Nervous System Anatomy Worksheet
1. What does CNS and PNS stand for? Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System.
2. What are the parts of the CNS? The brain and spinal chord.
3. Describe something that you do on a regular basis that your PNS controls. Digest food.
4. What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system and what does each control?
Sympathetic Nervous System - controls the body in times of stress, worry, fear, and emergency.
Parasympathetic Nervous System - brings the body to a normal state and allows for rest and relaxation.
5. What are the three main types of neurons? What is the function of each?
Sensory Neuron - conducts impulses from the body to the CNS
Motor Neuron - conducts impulses from CNS to effector organ
Interneuron - conducts impulses within the CNS
6. What is the function of the axon of a nerve cell? Sends out the impulses. The dendrite? Recieves the impulses.
7. What is a synapse? The transfer of impulses from the dendrite of one neuron to the axon of another neuron over the synaptic gap.
8. Sketch a neuron and label the axon and the dendrite.
2. What are the parts of the CNS? The brain and spinal chord.
3. Describe something that you do on a regular basis that your PNS controls. Digest food.
4. What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system and what does each control?
Sympathetic Nervous System - controls the body in times of stress, worry, fear, and emergency.
Parasympathetic Nervous System - brings the body to a normal state and allows for rest and relaxation.
5. What are the three main types of neurons? What is the function of each?
Sensory Neuron - conducts impulses from the body to the CNS
Motor Neuron - conducts impulses from CNS to effector organ
Interneuron - conducts impulses within the CNS
6. What is the function of the axon of a nerve cell? Sends out the impulses. The dendrite? Recieves the impulses.
7. What is a synapse? The transfer of impulses from the dendrite of one neuron to the axon of another neuron over the synaptic gap.
8. Sketch a neuron and label the axon and the dendrite.
Wednesday, March 5, 2008
Creative Writing with Medical Terms
Medical Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes in Haiku form!
Hear the acoustic
Playing in albino snow
My biography
The chiropractor
He makes not an incision
Instead he pops bones
The labyrinth twirls round
I cannot find my way out
Will I die in here?
The computer stops
It will not make any more
Manual it is
She morphs into air
But what if I breathe her in?
I’ll run so I don’t
My myofibrils
Have disappeared once again
I am now rubber
The necromancer
He sings a song about death
It is a sad song
My osteocytes
Are really very small things
You can’t see them
Phagocytosis
The blood cells eat the virus
And then you are well
You’ll catch pneumonia
If you remain in that snow
Come and have some tea
The vein from your lungs
“Pulmonary artery”
Everyone has one
The quadruplets flew
Over the town, far away
They left this morning
He was sarcastic
When he said that you were dull
But I guess you are…
Ouch, that’s my sternum!
That really hurt, you loser
Now buy me some pie
Stethoscopes are cold!
Doctors think it is funny
I will pay them back
Synchronized swimming
It takes a lot of teamwork
...oh, and swimming skill…
Synovial joint
You help me move my body
How I love you so
Heterotrophic
That’s a cool ability
I wish that I was
“The vena cava”
It keeps me and you alive
But you don’t have one…?
Her xiphoid process
Got broken off one sad day
During CPR
Catastrophic storms
I am terrified of them
I hope for safety
One day I noticed
Cervical vertebrae sign
It said “watch your neck”
The diaphysis
Was broken in a fracture
A complete fracture
Hear the acoustic
Playing in albino snow
My biography
The chiropractor
He makes not an incision
Instead he pops bones
The labyrinth twirls round
I cannot find my way out
Will I die in here?
The computer stops
It will not make any more
Manual it is
She morphs into air
But what if I breathe her in?
I’ll run so I don’t
My myofibrils
Have disappeared once again
I am now rubber
The necromancer
He sings a song about death
It is a sad song
My osteocytes
Are really very small things
You can’t see them
Phagocytosis
The blood cells eat the virus
And then you are well
You’ll catch pneumonia
If you remain in that snow
Come and have some tea
The vein from your lungs
“Pulmonary artery”
Everyone has one
The quadruplets flew
Over the town, far away
They left this morning
He was sarcastic
When he said that you were dull
But I guess you are…
Ouch, that’s my sternum!
That really hurt, you loser
Now buy me some pie
Stethoscopes are cold!
Doctors think it is funny
I will pay them back
Synchronized swimming
It takes a lot of teamwork
...oh, and swimming skill…
Synovial joint
You help me move my body
How I love you so
Heterotrophic
That’s a cool ability
I wish that I was
“The vena cava”
It keeps me and you alive
But you don’t have one…?
Her xiphoid process
Got broken off one sad day
During CPR
Catastrophic storms
I am terrified of them
I hope for safety
One day I noticed
Cervical vertebrae sign
It said “watch your neck”
The diaphysis
Was broken in a fracture
A complete fracture
Tuesday, March 4, 2008
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